Students’ Time Management, Academic Procrastination, and Performance during Online Science and Mathematics Classes
Abstract
COVID-19 affected all sectors, including academia, which resulted in an increase in online learning. While education continued through online platforms, various students-related problems arose, including improper time management, procrastination, and fluctuating academic performance. It is in this context that this quantitative study was carried out to determine how time management and procrastination affected students’ performance in science and mathematics during the pandemic. We surveyed 650 Filipino high school students using the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students and Wayne State University’s Time Management questionnaire with a 0.93 reliability coefficient. The findings revealed that in science and mathematics, female students outperformed males. Eleven 12-year-olds had the highest mean grades in science and mathematics, while 15 16-year-olds had the lowest. Younger respondents (11-14) were more likely to have better time management in than older ones. Further, older respondents (15-18) procrastinate more than younger ones. Time management correlates positively with success in science and mathematics. Achievement in science and mathematics is the highest among students with good time management. Procrastination negatively affects achievement. High school students who procrastinated less fare better in mathematics. With this, the study opens possibilities for teaching older learners in time management to boost their performance. Students across ages should be urged to avoid procrastinating as it negatively affects academic performance. As reinforcement, schools may educate learners on time management and procrastination avoidance through orientations and other platforms.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.12.8
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, S., Batool, A., & Ch, A. H. (2020). Path relationship of time management and academic achievement of students in distance learning institutions. Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning, 5(2). http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/journal1/index.php/PJDOL/article/view/441/89
Ahmad, S., Sultana, N., & Jamil, S. (2022). Students’ Attitude towards Biology and Academic Achievement in Biology at Secondary Level, in Islamabad, Pakistan. American Journal of Educational Research, 10(5), 268-275. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-10-5-1
Alay, S., & Kocak, S. (2003). Relationship between time management and academic achievement of university students. Journal of Educational Management in Theory and Practice, 35, 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/014572179902500411
Al-Balushi, S. M., Al-Harthy, I. S., & Almehrizi, R. S. (2022). Attention Drifting Away While Test-Taking: Mind-Wandering in Students with Low-and High-Performance Levels in TIMSS-Like Science Tests. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-022-10258-6
Al-Bahrani, A., Apostolova-Mihaylova, M., & Marshall, E. C. (2022). Helping some and harming others: Homework frequency and tradeoffs in student performance. The Journal of Economic Education, 53(3), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2022.2075506
Batbaatar, N., & Amin, G. (2021). Students’ time management during online CLASS. In International Conference Universitas Pekalongan 2021 (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 189-194). https://proceeding.unikal.ac.id/index.php/icunikal2021/article/view/627
Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A., & Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance education. Review of Educational research, 79(3), 1243-1289. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654309333844
bin Mohammed Al-Subaie, A. (2022). Academic Procrastination and Metacognitive Strategies Among Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Students. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(8), 7601-7610. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/11109
Bocar, A., & Daga-ang, MG (2013). Time management of work scholars. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270566011
Capinding, A. T. (2022). Impact of Modular Distance Learning on High School Students Mathematics Motivation, Interest/Attitude, Anxiety and Achievement during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Impact of Modular Distance Learning on High School Students Mathematics Motivation, Interest/Attitude, Anxiety and Achievement during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 11(2), 917-934. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.917
DeBeliso, M., Gauthier, H., Sevene, T., Adams, K. J., Lawrence, M. M., Climstein, M., ... & Navalta, J. W. (2022). The time management matrix re-tooled: an instrument for academics navigating the tenure process. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 7(1), 31-51. https://researchportal.scu.edu.au/discovery/delivery/61SCU_INST:ResearchRepository/991012998198802368#1395510230002368
Demuyakor, J. (2020). Analysis of social media utilization by students in higher education: A critical literature review of Ghana. Journal of New Media and Mass Communication, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.91.2020.61.1.7
Desmond, A., & Amadi, K. (2022). Influence of Time Management on academic performance of Business Education Students in Universities in Rivers State. Journal homepage: www. ijrpr. com ISSN, 2582, 7421. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V3ISSUE6/IJRPR5096.pdf
de Vera, J. V., Peteros, E. D., Peconcillo Jr, L. B., Alcantara, G. A., Villarin, E. R., & Fulgencio, M. D. (2022). Assessing differences on students’ attributes in mathematics based on their learning sessions. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 10(3), 170-185. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2022.103012
De Paola, M., Gioia, F., & Scoppa, V. (2022). Online teaching, procrastination and students’ achievement: evidence from COVID-19 induced remote learning. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4114561
Fentaw, Y., Moges, B. T., & Ismail, S. M. (2022). Academic Procrastination Behavior among Public University Students. Education Research International, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1277866
Gagnier, K. M., Holochwost, S. J., & Fisher, K. R. (2022). Spatial thinking in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics: Elementary teachers' beliefs, perceptions, and self?efficacy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 59(1), 95-126. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21722
Garcia, M. I., Caraig, D. J., Carator, K., Oyco, M. T., Tababa, G. A., Linaugo, J., & De Oca, P. R. (2022). The Influence of Gadget Dependency on the Academic Procrastination Levels of Grade 12 STEM Students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(6), 1197-1210. https://doi.org/10.11594//ijmaber.03.06.22
Gargari, R. B., Sabouri, H., & Norzad, F. (2011) Academic procrastination: The relationship between causal attribution styles and behavioral postponement. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 76-82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939975/
Geverola, I. J. R., Mutya, R. C., Siason, L. M. B., & Bonotan, A. (2022). Challenges and struggles of public senior high school science teachers during the new normal. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 12(1), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol12.1.4.2022
Harefa, S., & Sihombing, G. L. A. (2021). Students’ perception of online learning amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: A study of junior, senior high school and college students in a remote area. F1000Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52152.2
Hinderliter, H., Xie, Y., Ladendorf, K., & Muehsler, H. (2022). Path Analysis of Internal and External Factors Associated with Parental Satisfaction over K-12 Online Learning. Computers in the Schools, 38(4), 354-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2021.1988319
Karagiannopoulou, E., Milienos, F. S., & Rentzios, C. (2022). Grouping learning approaches and emotional factors to predict students’ academic progress. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 10(2), 258-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1832941
Kulal, A., & Nayak, A. (2020). A study on perception of teachers and students toward online classes in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-07-2020-0047
Laurie, A., & Hellsten, M. (2002). What Do We Know About Time Management? A Review of the Literature and a Psychometric Critique of Instruments Assessing Time Management University of Saskatchewan, Canada. https://doi.org/10.5772/37248
Lopez-Agudo, L. A., & Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. D. (2022). Instruction time and students’ academic achievement: a cross-country comparison. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 52(1), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1737919
Miertschin, S. L., Goodson, C. E., & Stewart, B. L. (2015). Time management skills and student performance in online courses. In 2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition (pp. 26-1585). https://doi.org/10.18260/p.24921
Migliozzi, C. L. (2022). Engaging the Adult College Student: A Case Study on Improving Nontraditional Students’ Persistence. https://scholarworks.umb.edu/instruction_capstone/82
Narci, M. (2022). The Relationship Between Problematic Internet Use and Academic Procrastination and Life Satisfaction of University Students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama Libraries). https://www.proquest.com/openview/59be06329f73db36012c76a7fe6f6745/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Naturil-Alfonso, C., Peñaranda, D., Vicente, J., & Marco-Jiménez, F. (2018, October). Procrastination: the poor time management among university students. In 4th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAD'18) (pp. 1-8). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8167
Njuguna, M. N. (2022). Antecedents of Academic Procrastination and its Relationship to Academic Achievement among form Three Students in Kiambu County, Kenya. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/23953/Antecedents%20of%20Academic%20Procrastination…..pdf?sequence=1
Noran, F. Y. (2000). Procrastination among students in institutes of higher learning: Challenges for K-Economy. Retrieved December, 30, 2008. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066019.pdf
Ocak, G., & Boyraz, S. (2016). Examination of the Relation between Academic Procrastination and Time Management Skills of Undergraduate Students in Terms of Some Variables. Journal of education and training studies, 4(5), 76-84. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092698
Pagaran, G. M., Loremas, M. L., Gultiano, J. D., & Etcuban, J. O. (2022). Mathematics Performance of Senior High School Students in Blended Learning Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 10593-10613. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/9686/6321
Parantika, I. W. A., Suniasih, N. W., & Kristiantari, M. R. (2020). Differences in academic procrastination attitude between fifth grade male and female students. Journal of Psychology and Instruction, 4(1), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpai.v4i1.24451
Pilotti, M. A., El-Moussa, O. J., & Abdelsalam, H. M. (2022). Measuring the impact of the pandemic on female and male students’ learning in a society in transition: A must for sustainable education. Sustainability, 14(6), 3148. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063148
Rabin, A. L., Fogel, J., & Upham-Nutter, E. K. (2011). Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self-reported executive function. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 3(3), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2010.518597
Shaked, L., & Altarac, H. (2022). The possible contribution of procrastination and perception of self-efficacy to academic achievement. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2102414
Shepperd, R. S. (2002). Predictors of student success in distance education courses. West Virginia University. https://www.proquest.com/openview/d4c1195ea0c6ffe90fef5b104ea60872/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. (1988). Procrastination assessment scale-students. Dictionary of behavioral assessment techniques, 358-360. https://web.archive.org/web/20091222073641id_/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu:80/~rothblum/doc_pdf/procrastination/ProcrastinationAssessmentScaleStudents.pdf
Soysal, D., Bani-Yaghoub, M., & Riggers-Piehl, T. A. (2022). Analysis of anxiety, motivation, and confidence of STEM students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 17(2), em0684. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11836
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure, Psychological Bulletin, 133, 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Tezer, M., Çavu?, S., Orkun, M. A., Osum, A., & Ture, A. (2021). Examination of opinions of elementary school students on Mathematics course in the COVID-19 pandemic process. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v13i1.5279
Time Management Questionnaire. (2014). Wayne State University. Retrieved July 05, 2022 from http://advising.wayne.edu/hndbk/time.php
Treceñe, J. K. D. (2022). COVID-19 and Remote Learning in the Philippine Basic Education System: Experiences of Teachers, Parents, and Students. In Socioeconomic Inclusion During an Era of Online Education (pp. 92-110). IGI Global. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/covid-19-and-remote-learning-in-the-philippine-basic-education-system/307359
Vooren, M., Haelermans, C., Groot, W., & van den Brink, H. M. (2022). Comparing success of female students to their male counterparts in the STEM fields: an empirical analysis from enrollment until graduation using longitudinal register data. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00318-8
Winanda, R. S., Mikail, A., Ahmad, D., Agustina, D., & Rahmawati, R. (2022). University Students' Procrastination: A Mathematical Model (Case Studies: Student in Mathematics Department Universitas Negeri Padang). Eksakta: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN: 2549-7464), 23(02), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss02/315
Xu, J. (2022). More than minutes: A person-centered approach to homework time, homework time management, and homework procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 70, 102087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102087
Žnidarši?, A., Brezavš?ek, A., Rus, G., & Jerebic, J. (2022). Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Mathematics Achievement? A Case Study of University Students in Social Sciences. Mathematics, 10(13),
https://doi.org/10.3390/math10132314
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493