Mainstreaming Gender Perspectives in Modular Instruction

Jevera C. Domogen, Joyce D. Cuyangoan, Lloyd F. Ilacad

Abstract


Gender equality in education can be achieved through gender mainstreaming. Through gender-responsive practices, this transformation can be achieved. This study assessed the implementation of Gender and Development (GAD) perspectives in modular instruction at Mountain Province State Polytechnic College. It aimed to identify modular instruction practices that promote gender-fair learning and challenges in mainstreaming gender perspectives and suggest measures to address the challenges. The study participants were thirty-four (34) faculty members as module developers. A descriptive research method through document analysis of the syllabi and modules was utilized to identify the gender mainstreaming practices in modular instruction. An interview and focus group discussion were conducted to identify challenges and further clarify issues in the research. The data analysis showed that course facilitators considered gender-inclusive practices in module development, indicating an awareness of gender mainstreaming. However, only a few were able to integrate GAD concepts into their modules. Also, there are pressing challenges faced by the course facilitators in facilitating gender mainstreaming practices that have given rise to a lack of commitment towards advancing GAD programs. The gender-inclusive practices and the different challenges underscore the further need to intensify mainstreaming efforts in the following areas: enabling policy, human resources, material resources, and activities.

https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.11.8


Keywords


gender equality; gender mainstreaming; gender perspectives; modular instruction; Gender and Development

Full Text:

PDF

References


2015 CHED Memorandum Orders - CHED. (n.d.). https://ched.gov.ph/2015-ched-memorandum-orders/

2019 Gender Diversity Benchmark for Asia | Community Business. (n.d.). https://www.communitybusiness.org/programmes-campaigns/2019-gender-diversity-benchmark-asia

Aguilar-Delavin, E. (2022). Philippine English Modules During Covid-19 Pandemic: Its Gender Sensitivity and Responsiveness. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(9), 1798–1804. https://doi.org/10.11594/IJMABER.03.09.19

Albaladejo, E. M. (2016). Implementation of Gender and Development among Higher Education Institutions: Input to GAD Enhancement Program. JPAIR Institutional Research, 7(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.7719/irj.v7i1.368

Alegado, J. L. G., Largo, F. M., Herrin, A. N., Borja, J. B., Mayol, N. L., Bechayda, S. A., & Bautista, C. A. P. (2020). Closing the Gender Gap in Schooling Outcomes and Cognitive Ability among Filipino Children. https://www.opsusc.org/paper_series.php.

authorCorporate:UNESCO. (2015). A Guide for gender equality in teacher education policy and practices. 111. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000231646

Calderon, J. F., & Gonzales, E. C. (2018). Methods of research and thesis writing. National Book Store.

Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2). https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/937596/teaching-thematic-analysis-overcoming-challenges-and-developing-strategies-for-effective-learning

Curaming, E. M., & Curaming, R. A. (2020). Gender (In)equality in English Textbooks in the Philippines: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Sexuality & Culture, 24, 1167–1188.

David, C. C., Ramon, J., Albert, G., Flor, J., & Vizmanos, V. (2018). Sustainable Development Goal 5: How Does the Philippines Fare on Gender Equality?

dela Rosa, R. D., & Castro, J. S. (2021). Praxes, Issues and Challenges in Mainstreaming Gender and Development at Senior High School. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 4(4). https://www.ijassjournal.com/2021/V4I4/4146575809.pdf

DeLuca, C., & Lam, C. Y. (2014). Preparing Teachers for Assessment within Diverse Classrooms: An Analysis of Teacher Candidates’ Conceptualizations. Teacher Education Quarterly, 41(3), 3–24.

Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: a meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8624.2010.01564.X

Esteban, R. (2016). Implementation of the gender and development of state universities and colleges in Region III: An evaluation. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(5).

Evangelista, I. C. (2017). Sexism in higher education institutions in countryside Philippines. Journal of Academic Research, 2(3), 7–17.

Freeman, R. (2004). Planning and Implementing Open and Distance Learning Systems: A Handbook for Decision Makers. In U. Pilgrim Projects Limited, Cambridge (Ed.), The Common Wealth of Learning. Commonwealth of Learning (COL). http://hdl.handle.net/11599/85

Galamgam, M. A., Bautista, J., & Rosario, E. (2021). An analysis on the implementation of gender responsive Basic Education Policy. The ASTR Journal, 5.

Global Education Monitoring Report. (2019). Global education monitoring report 2019: gender report: Building bridges for gender equality. Accountability in Education: Meeting Our Commitments, 62. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000368753

Gurung, L., & Rajbanshi, R. (2020). Gender Assessment of Teacher Education Curricula: A Case Study of Kathmandu University, School of Education. Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research, 2(2), 38–63. https://doi.org/10.3126/SIJSSR.V2I2.33044

Hernandez, T., & Cudiamat, M. (2018). Integrating Gender and Development (GAD) in the Classroom: The Case of Lucsuhin National High School, Department of Education-Philippines. KnE Social Sciences, 3, 1135. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i6.2430

Ilagan, L. S. (2019). GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION (HEI). European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.46827/EJSSS.V0I0.592

Kintanar, T., & Tongson, A. (2014). Gender-fair language: A primer (Revised Edition). UP Center for Women’s Studies.

Kitta, I., & Cardona Moltó, M. (2022). Students’ perceptions of gender mainstreaming implementation in university teaching in Greece. Journal of Gender Studies, 31, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2021.2023006

Kollberg, J. (2015). Gender Equality in the EFL Classroom A Qualitative Study of Swedish EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender Equality in Language and its Implementation in the Classroom.

Kollmayer, M., Schultes, M.-T., Lüftenegger, M., Finsterwald, M., Spiel, C., & Schober, B. (2020). REFLECT – A Teacher Training Program to Promote Gender Equality in Schools. Frontiers in Education, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00136

Kubat, U. (2018). Identifying the Individual Differences among Students during Learning and Teaching Process by Science Teachers. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 4(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.369746

La, R., & Todd, D. A. (2012). Mainstreaming gender equality : a road to results or a road to nowhere?

Lomotey, B. A. (2020). Exploring the Adoption of Gender-Fair Spanish Alternatives in School Domains: An African University in Focus. Sexuality & Culture, 24, 1082–1106.

Lualhati, G. P. (2019). Gender Sensitizing: Examining Filipino Educators’ Pedagogical Practices and Teaching Effectiveness. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 7(1), 67–76.

Muyomi, J. N. (2014). Challenges facing implementation of gender mainstreaming in selected government ministries in Nairobi county, Kenya.

Nurhaeni, I. D. A., & Kurniawan, Y. (2018). Gender-Mainstreaming in Technical and Vocational Education and Training. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 306(1), 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012057

Onyema, E. M., Eucheria, N. C., Obafemi, F. A., Sen, S., Atonye, F. G., Sharma, A., & Alsayed, A. O. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(13), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/11-13-12

Pantaleon, M. C., & Ison, G. M. (2020). View of Gender-Related Violence in Philippine Schools: Issues, Challenges, and Trajectories. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/2557/2495

Paz, M., Morales, E., Avilla, R. A., & Espinosa, A. A. (2016). Does gender inequality influence interest in pursuing a career in science or mathematics teaching? Issues in Educational Research, 26(1), 2016.

Philippine Commission on Women. (2019). gender gap Archives - Philippine Commission on Women. https://pcw.gov.ph/tag/gender-gap/

Powell, S., & Ah-King, M. (2013). Integrating gender perspectives on teaching and subject content at a natural science university in Sweden. International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 5(1), 52–61. https://genderandset.open.ac.uk/index.php/genderandset/article/view/271

Psaki, S., Haberland, N., Mensch, B., Woyczynski, L., & Chuang, E. (2022). Policies and interventions to remove gender-related barriers to girls’ school participation and learning in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the evidence. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(1), e1207. https://doi.org/10.1002/CL2.1207

Quezada-Reyes, Z. (n.d.). Expert to CHED (Commission on Higher Education)-Technical Panel on Gender and Women Studies Academic and Curricular Programs: Developing a Gender Studies Program.

Sczesny, S., Formanowicz, M., & Moser, F. (2016). Can Gender-Fair Language Reduce Gender Stereotyping and Discrimination? Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00025

Shallaita, B., Nawawi, N., & Amin, M. (2021). Analysis of English Language Teaching Materials on Gender Representation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8, 419. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i2.2423

Shepard, L. A., Diaz-Bilello, E. K., Penuel, W. R., & Marion, S. F. (n.d.). Classroom Assessment Principles to Support Teaching and Learning FEBRUARY 2020.

Shih, Y. H., & Wang, R. J. (2021). Incorporating gender issues into the classroom: Study on the teaching of gender-related courses in the general curriculum of Taiwan’s universities. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/14782103211009641, 20(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/14782103211009641

Simui, F., Thompson, L. C., Mundende, K., Mwewa, G., Kakana, F., Chishiba, A., & Namangala, B. (2017). Distance Learners’ Perspective on User-friendly Instructional Materials at the University of Zambia.

Slavin, R. E. (2019). How evidence-based reform will transform research and practice in education. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1611432, 55(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1611432

Smith, J. (2019). Overcoming the ‘tyranny of the urgent’: integrating gender into disease outbreak preparedness and response. Gender and Development, 27(2), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2019.1615288

Stevens Kaylene, M. (2016). Gender equity in social studies courses: an analysis of teachers’ understandings, curriculum, and classroom practices. OpenBU. https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/19506

Talon, R., Carreon, J., & Diragen, G. (2020). A phenomenological inquiry of gender and development in the classroom program. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20754.40644

Tarrayo, V. N., Potestades, R. R., & Ulla, M. B. (2021). Exploring the Gender Perspective in English Language Teaching (ELT): Voices from ELT Practitioners in Philippine Higher Education Institutions. Sexuality & Culture, 25(5), 1634–1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-021-09840-x

Teachers, what is gendered language? | British Council. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/what-is-gendered-language

The Beijing Platform for Action: inspiration then and now | UN Women – Beijing+20. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://beijing20.unwomen.org/en/about

Theresa, M., & Arellano-Hernandez, H. (n.d.). International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications Training Needs Assessment Of The Gender Focal Point System: Basis For A Capability Building Program. www.ijarp.org

Toquero, C. M. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Philippine Context. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0063. https://doi.org/10.29333/PR/7947

Triyaswati, H., & Emaliana, I. (2021). Equal Gender Representation in EFL Instructional Materials during remote learning. International Journal of Humanity Studies IIJHS), 5(1).

UN. (2020). Progress towards Gender Equality Under Threat, World Leaders Warn as General Assembly Marks Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of Landmark Women’s Rights Conference | UN Press. https://press.un.org/en/2020/ga12275.doc.htm

UN Women. (2015). What’s the Issue? UN WOMEN AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. www.unwomen.org

United Nations. (2002). GENDER MAINSTREAMING AN OVERVIEW asdf.

Villaroman, A. Q. (2017). Gender Mainstreaming in the General Education and Professional Education Courses. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(4), 104–111.

Villegas, J. (2021). Gender Audit as Basis in Developing Modules for GAD Focal Persons in Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1184603/v1

Vizcarra-Garcia, J. (2021). Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender Inclusive Language in the Classroom. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 4(3), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.32996/IJLLT.2021.4.3.12

Wafa, D. (2021). Reinforced Stereotypes: A Case Study on School Textbooks in Reinforced Stereotypes: A Case Study on School Textbooks in Egypt Egypt Reinforced Stereotypes: A Case Study on School Textbooks in Egypt. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 22(1). https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss1/22

WSIPP. (2020). Updated Inventory of Evidence-based, Research-based, and Promising Practices. Washington State Institute for Public Policy.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 1694-2116

p-ISSN: 1694-2493