Teachers as Psychologist: Experience in Beginner Level of Creative Writing Classes Using Behavior Modification

Anas Ahmadi

Abstract


This article is a part of an investigative research report on students’ behavior towards creative writing using a psychological approach. This research was carried out for one semester (4 months). This study aims to explore experiences in beginner level creative writing classes. As we all know, there have been many studies on creative writing, but only a few which discussed creative writing using psychological approaches. This research focused on problems in learning to write creatively and behavior modification practices in creative writing using a behavioral psychology approach. The method used was qualitative involving 81 participants from the Indonesian Language and Literature Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection techniques. The questionnaire is used to capture the difficulties of participants in creative writing. Meanwhile, the interview is used to capture the difficulties experienced by students in creative writing. Interviews are conducted with reflective and flexible techniques. The research findings show that (1) 70 participants answered that the difficulty in creative writing mostly occurred due to psychological problems; and (2) 51 participants answered that their weakness in creative writing mostly because they are lack of talent.. Other findings indicate that students are very enthusiastic about learning creative writing using psychological approaches because this approach is more mental.

https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.12.7


Keywords


teacher, psychology; psychowriting; creative writing; behavior modification

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmadi, A. (2015). Psikologi menulis [Psychology of writing]. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Ahmadi, A., Darni, Murdiyanto, & Hariyati, N. R. (2019). Reader’s response and learning writing psychological perspective. Art and Humanities, 8(7), 11-15.

Ahmadi, A., Ghazali, A. S., Maryaeni, & Dermawan, T. (2019). Ecopsychology and Psychology of Literature: Concretization of Human Biophilia That Loves the Environment in Two Indonesian Novels. The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 17(1), 47-59

Ahmadi, A. , Darni, & Murdiyanto (2019). Creative writing in higher education. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 5(4), 1-8

Ahmadi, A, Sodiq, S., Setiawan, S., Pratiwi, Y., & Hariyati, N. R. (2019). Learning writing through psychowriting perspective. Advance in Language and Literary Studies, 10(1), 4-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.4

Ashton, M. (2013). Individual differences and personality. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press.

Atlee, N. (2005). Advancing writing skills. San Luis Obispo: Dandy Lion Publication.

Awuzie, S. (2018). Creative writing as psychotherapy. Biomed Sci & Tech Res, 8(2), 6440-6442. http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.08.001636.

Berman, J. (2003). The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and emotional well-being. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 20(3), 575-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.20.3.575

Barbeiro, L. (2005). Writing in a circle of stories. The Reading Teacher, 59, 380-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1598/RT.59.4.7

Baroudy, I. (2008). Process writing: successful and unsuccessful writers; discovering writing behaviours. IJES, 8(2), 43-63

Billig, M. (2011). Writing social psychology: Fictional things and unpopulated texts. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(1), 4-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02003.x

Bueno, B. (2018). Creative writing in Brazil: personal notes on a process. New Writing, 15(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2017.1418385

Cabell, S. Q. , Tortorelli, L. S., & Gerde, H. K. (2013). How do I write…?. The Reading Teacher, 66(8), 650– 659. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/trtr.1173

Carducci, B. (2009). The psychology of personality, 1st ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative & quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.

Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New York: Pearson.

Crowne, D. (2007). Personality theory. 1st ed. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press.

Darmawan, D., Hartati, T., & Mulyasari, E. (2013). Video streaming for creative writing at international elementary school. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(1), 43-56.

Dunn, D. (1994). Lessons learned from an interdisciplinary writing course: implications for student writing in psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 21(4), 223-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2104_4

Engler, B. (2013). Personality theories. 1st ed. Wadsworth Pub Co.

Emily, S. (2009). Writing the personal as research. Narrative Inquiry, 19(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.19.1.03sch

Eysenck, H. (1997). Personality and experimental psychology: The unification of psychology and the possibility of a paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1224-1237.

Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2006). Theories of personality. 6th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.

Forgeard, M. J., Kaufman, S. B., & Kaufman, J. C. (2013). The psychology of creative writing. In G. Harper (Ed.) A Companion to creative writing (pp. 320-333). Oxford: Blackwell.

Freud, S. (1910). The origin and development of psychoanalysis. New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Pub. Co.

Freud, S. (1955). The interpretation of dreams. New York: Basic Books.

Gardner, P. (2014). Becoming a teacher of writing: Primary student teachers reviewing their relationship with writing. English Educ, 48, 128-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/eie.12039

Greene, M. J. (2005). Teacher as counselor: enhancing the social, emotional, and career development of gifted and talented students in the classroom. Gifted Education International, 19(3), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/026142940501900305

Gross, R. (2010). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour 6th Edition. London: Taylor & Francis.

Hall, C. S., Lindzey, G., & Campbell, J. B. (1998). Theories of personality. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.

Jagaiah, T., Howard, D., & Olinghouse, N. (2019). Writer's checklist: a procedural support for struggling writers. The Reading Teacher, 73(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1802

Jordan-Baker, C. (2015). The philosophy of creative writing. New Writing, 12(2), 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2015.1047854

Jung, C. G. (1934). Archetypes and the collective unconscious. London: Routledge.

Jung, C. G. (1953). Four archetypes mother, rebirth, spirit, trickster. London: Routledge.

Jung, C. G. (1956). Symbols of transformation: An analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Jung, C. G. (1961). Memories, dreams, reflections. New York:Vintage Books.

Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. New York: Anchor Press Books.

Jung, C. G. (1966). Spirit in man, art, and literature: Collected works vol. 15. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Jung, C. G. (1969). Structure & dynamics of the psyche. Princeton: Princeton University.

Jouanna, J. (2012). Galen’s reading of hippocratic ethics. In Galen’s Reading of Hippocratic Ethics. (Pp. 262-282) Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004232549_014

Kaufman, S. B., & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds). (2013). The psychology of creative writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Karlen, Y., & Compagnoni, M. (2016). Implicit theory of writing ability: relationship to metacognitive strategy knowledge and strategy use in academic writing. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 16(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725716682887

Kesler, K. (2012). Writing with voice. The Reading Teacher, 66(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.01088

King, N., & Brookes J. (2018). Thematic analysis ion organizational research. In C. Cassell, A. L. Cunliffe and G. Grandy (eds.), The Sage Handbook of qualitative business and management research methods (pp. 219– 236). London: Sage.

Labrador, F. J. (2004). Skinner and the rise of behavior modification and behavior therapy. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 7(2), 178–187.

Lachenmeyer, J. R., & Olson, M. E. (1990). Behaviour modification in the treatment of pseudoseizures: a case report. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 18(1), 73-78.

Natsoulas, T. (2018). Radical behaviorism. in states of consciousness: the pulses of experience. In T Natsoulas (Ed), States of the Counsciusness., (pp. 144–194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nissani, M. (1997). Ten cheers for interdisciplinarity: the case for interdisciplinary knowledge and research. The Social Science Journal, 34(2), 201-216.

Martin, J. (2014). Psychologism, individualism and the limiting of the social context in educational psychology. In T. Corcoran (Ed), Psychology in education: Critical theory~practice (pp. 167-180). Boston: Sense Publisher.

Martin, G., & Pear, J. (2015). Behavior modification: What it is and how to do it (Tenth edition.). Boston: Pearson Education.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis, a methods sourcebook, 3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Miltenberger, R. G. (2011). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Oxford, England: Oxford Univ. Press.

Piirto, J. (2009). The personalities of creativewriters. In S.B. Kaufman & J.C. Kaufman (Eds). The Psychology of Creative Writing, (pp. 3-22) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Prilleltensky, I. (2014). Education as transformation: Why and how. In T. Corcoran (Ed), Psychology in education: Critical theory~practice, (pp. 17-36). Boston: Sense Publisher.

Pollington, M., Wilcox, B., & Morrison, T. (2001). Self-perception in writing: the effects of writing workshop and traditional instruction on intermediate grade students. ReadingPsychology, 22(4), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702710127640

Ruffner, M., & Burgoon, M. (1981). The relationship between writing style and personality structure. Newspaper Research Journal, 2(2), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953298100200203

Russ, S. W. (2009). Pretend play, emotional processes, and developing narratives. In S.B. Kaufman & J.C. Kaufman (Eds). The psychology of creative writing (pp. 274-263). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Roth, K., & Dabrowski, J. ( 2014). Extending interactive writing into grades 2–5. The Reading Teacher, 68(1), 33– 44. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1270

Sandelowski, M. (1998). Writing a good read: Strategies for re-presenting qualitative data. Res. Nurs. Health, 21,375-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199808)21:4<375::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-C

Sinha, S., & Back, L. (2014). Making methods sociable: dialogue, ethics and authorship in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 14(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794113490717

Solheim, K. (2019). Teachers’ aspirations to improve their classroom interaction. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(6), 147-169. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.6.9

Silverman, D. (2000) Doing qualitative Research. London: Sage.

Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Swander, M., Leahly, A., & Cantrell, M. (2007). Theories of creativity and creative writing pedagogy. In Steven Earnshaw (ed.). The handbook of creative writing. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.

Tatat, H. 2017. Conferencing approach in promoting writing ability: A classroom action research study on language creative writing in Indonesian language. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 294-301. https://doi.org /10.17509/ijal.v7i2.834

Wahyuni, E. (2010). Creative writing poem using interactive activity. Jurnal Humanity, 6(1), 21-27.

Wang, E., Matsumura, L. C., & Correnti, R. ( 2017). Written feedback to support students’ higher level thinking about texts in writing. The Reading Teacher, 71(1), 101– 107. http://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1584

Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20(2), 158-177. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0074428

Wheldall, K. (1992). Contemporary behavioural perspectives in special education. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 15(1-2), 2–4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S103001120002248X

Wells, T., Albright, L., Keown, K., Tkatch, R., Duffy, M., Wu, L., & Wicker, E. (2018). Expressive writing: Improving optimism, purpose, and resilience writing and gratitude. Innovation in Aging, 2(1), 241-241. http://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.900

Wilson, A. A. (2008). Motivating young writers through writeâ€talks: real writers, real audiences, real purposes. The Reading Teacher, 61, 485-487. http://doi.org/10.1598/RT.61.6.5

Williams, C. (2018). Learning to write with interactive writing instruction. The Reading Teacher, 71(5), 523– 532. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1643

White, R., & Arndt, V. (1991). Process writing. London: Longman.

Yoo, J. (2017). Writing out on a limb: integrating the creative and academic writing identity. New Writing, 14(3), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790726.2017.1317274


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 1694-2116

p-ISSN: 1694-2493