What Makes up an Effective Emotional Intelligence Training Design for Teachers?

Niva Dolev, Shosh Leshem

Abstract


Recently there has been a growing interest in ways in which Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be enhanced among teachers. However, although it has been noted that effective teaching requires high levels of EI, little is known about effective methods to develop teachers' EI. The current qualitative study followed a two year EI development training for 21 teachers in one school in Israel. Main emerging themes related to the training design included the focus on teachers' own development, the combination of personal and group processes, flexibility and self direction, long-term in-school training, and leadership support. Implications for future teachers' EI training design are discussed. The findings advance our understanding of possible mechanisms for promoting high-quality EI professional development for teachers.

https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.16.10.6


Keywords


Emotional intelligence (EI), Teachers' training, EI development, EI Coaching, group training.

Full Text:

PDF

References


AbiSamra Salem, N. (2010). Emotions and emotional intelligence (EQ) in curriculum theory: On incorporating EQ skills in teacher education (presentation). Presented at the31st Annual Bergamo Conference on Curriculum Theory and Classroom Practice. 16 October, Bergamo, Italy.

Abraham, R. (2005). Emotional intelligence in the workplace: A review and synthesis. In R. Schulze, and R.D. Roberts (eds.), Emotional Intelligence: An International Handbook (pp. 255-270). Gottingen: Hogrefe & Huber.

Anderson, L.W. (2004). Increasing Teacher Effectiveness (2nd Ed.). Paris: UNESCO,

International Institute for Educational Planning.

Argyris, C. (2000). The relevance of actionable knowledge for breaking the code. In M. Beer and N. Nohria (eds.), Breaking the Code of Change (pp 415-428). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press,.

Bar-On, R. (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Technical Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.

Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of Emotional-Social Intelligence (ESI), Psicothema, 18(sup), 13-25.

Bharwaney, G. (2007). Coaching executives to enhance emotional intelligence and increase productivity. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree and M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (pp. 183-198). Westport, CT: Praeger,.

Boyatzis, R.E. (2007). Developing emotional intelligence through coaching for leadership, professional and occupational excellence. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree and M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (pp. 155-168). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Brackett, M. A. (2008). Emotional intelligence as a basic competency in pre-service teacher training: Some evidence. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15 (6) 2, 437-454.

Brackett, M.A., Alster, B., Wolfe, C.J., Katulak, N.A. & Fale, E. (2007). Creating an emotionally intelligent school district: A skill-based approach. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree and M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (pp.123-138). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Brackett, M.A. & Katulak, N.A. (2006). Emotional intelligence in the classroom: A skill-based training for teachers and students. In J. Ciarrochi and J.D. Mayer (eds.), Improving Emotional Intelligence: A Practitioner's Guide (pp. 1-27). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Brackett, M.A., Mayer, J.D. & Warner, R.M. (2004). Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour. Personality and Individual Difference, 36, 1387-1402. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8

Brackett, M.A., Patti, J., Stern, R., Rivers, S.E., Elbertson, N.A., Chisholm, C. & Salovey, P. (2009). A sustainable, skill-based approach to building emotionally literate schools. In M. Hughes, H.L. Thompson & J.B. Terrell (eds.), Handbook for Developing Emotional and Social Intelligence: Best Practices, Case Studies, and Strategies (pp. 329-358). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, pp. 329-358.

Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E. & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Personal, Social, Academic, and Workplace Success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 88–103. 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x

Bryan, S.P. (2006). Emotional intelligence and intrapersonal conversations. E-journal: Issues and Recent Developments in Emotional Intelligence, Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations. Retrieved from

http://www.eiconcortium.org/e_journal/e_journal.html

Caruso, D.R. & Wolfe, C.J. (2001). Emotional intelligence in the workplace. In J. Ciarrochi, J.P. Forgas and J.D. Mayer (eds.), Emotional Intelligence in Everyday Life: A Scientific Inquiry (pp. 150-167). Lillington, NC: Psychology Press.

Chapman, M. (2005). Emotional intelligence and coaching: An exploratory study. In M. Cavanagh, A.M. Grant & T. Kemp (eds.), Evidence-Based Coaching, Volume 1: Theory, Research and Practice from the Behavioural Sciences (pp.183-192). Bowen Hills, Queensland: Australian Academic Press.

Cherniss, C. & Goleman, D. (2001). Training for emotional intelligence: A model. In C. Cherniss, & and D. Goleman (eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups and Organizations (pp.209-233). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Cherniss, C., Goleman, D., Emmerling, R., Cowan, K. & Adler, M. (1998). Bringing emotional intelligence into the workplace: A technical report. The Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations. Retrieved from

http://www.eiconsortium.org/pdf/technical_report.pdf

Clarke, N. (2010).The impact of a training programme designed to target emotional intelligence abilities in project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 28 (5), 461-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.08.004

Cohen, J. (2001). Social and emotional education: Core concepts and practices. In J. Cohen (ed.), Caring Classrooms/Intelligent Schools: The Social Emotional Education of Young Children (pp. 3-29). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Cohen, J. & Sandy S. (2007). The social, emotional and academic education of children: Theories, goals, methods and assessments. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (pp. 63-78). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Cohen-Katz, J. Sternlieb, J. L. Hansen, S. E., &. Dostal, J. A. (2016). Developing Emotional Intelligence in the Clinical Learning Environment: A Case Study in Cultural Transformation. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8 (5), 692-698. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-15-00548.1

Corcoran, R. & Tormey, R. (2010). Teacher education, emotional competencies and

development education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 2448–2457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.352

Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five

Traditions. London: Sage.

Dasho, S., Lewis, C. & Watson, M. (2001). Fostering emotional intelligence in the classroom and school: Strategies from the Child Development Project. In J. Cohen, (ed.), Caring Classrooms/Intelligent Schools: The Social Emotional Education of Young Children (pp. 87-107). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Darling-Hammond, L. (2000).Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archive, 8 (1), pp. 1-44.

Darling-Hammond, L., Chung Wei, R., Andree, A., Richardson, N. & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional Learning in the Learning Profession: A Status Report on Teacher

Development in the United States and Abroad. US, National Staff Development

Day, C., Sammons, P., Stobard, G., Kington, A. & Gu, Q. (2007). Teachers Matter: Connecting Lives, Work and Effectiveness. Berkshire: Open University Press.

Dolev, N. & Leshem, S. (2016). Teachers’ emotional intelligence: The impact of training. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 8(1), pp. 75-94.

Druskat, V.U. & Wolff, S.B. (2001). Group emotional intelligence and its influence on group effectiveness. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups and Organizations (pp. 132-1560. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

Eccles, S., Devis-Rozental, C., & Mayer, M. (2016). Developing Socio-Emotional Intelligence in First Year Students. American Journal of Educational Research.

Elias, M.J., Zins, J.E., Weissberg, R.P., Frey, K.S., Greenberg, M.T., Haynes, N.M., Kessler, R., Schwab-Stone, M.E. & Shriver, T.P. (1997). Promoting Social and Emotional Learning: Guidelines for Educators. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Friedman, A. & Philips, M. (2004). Continuing professional development: Developing a vision. Journal of Education and Work, 17, 361-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1363908042000267432

Fullan, M.G. (1993). Why teachers must become change agents. Educational leadership, 50(6).

Geertz, C. (1973). Thick descriptions: Towards an interpretive theory of culture. In C. Geertz (ed.), The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Assays (pp.3-30). New York, NY: Basic Books.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Grant, A.M. (2007). Enhancing coaching skills and emotional intelligence through training. Industrial and Commercial Training Journal, 39 (5), 257-266.

Grant, A. M., Passmore, J., Cavanagh, M. J., & Parker, H. M. (2010). 4 The State of Play in Coaching Today: A Comprehensive Review of the Field. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 25(1), 125-167.

Griffiths, K. (2005). Personal coaching: A model for effective learning. Journal of Learning Design, 1(2), pp. 55-65.

Guskey, T.R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 8 (3/4), 381-391. DOI: 10.3102/0034654311413609

Hargreaves, A. (2001). Learning to Change: Teaching Beyond Subjects and Standards. San

Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Hargreaves, A. (2005). Educational change takes ages: Life, career and generational factors in teachers’ emotional responses to educational change. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21 (8), 967-983.

Haskett, R. (2003). Emotional intelligence and teaching success in higher education. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University.

Hattie, J. (2015). What Doesn’t Work in Education: The Politics of Distraction. London:

Pearson.

Hughes, M. & Terrell, J.B. (2009). Coaching with emotional and social effectiveness. In M. Hughes, H.L. Thompson & J.B. Terrell (eds.), Handbook for Developing Emotional and Social Intelligence: Best Practice, Case studies, and Strategies (pp.3-20). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

Haynes, N.M. (2007). The Comer School Development Program: A pioneering approach to improving social, emotional and academic competence. In R. Bar-On, J.G Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (pp. 95-108). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Herpertz, S., Schütz, A. & Nezlek, J. (2016) . Enhancing emotion perception, a fundamental component of emotional intelligence: Using multiple-group SEM to evaluate a training program. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 11-19.†https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.015

Jennings, P.A. & Greenberg, M.T. (2009). The pro-social classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79 (1), 491-525. DOI: 10.3102/0034654308325

Jennings, S. & Palmer, B.R. (2007). Enhancing sales performance through emotional intelligence development. Organizations and People, 14 (2), 55-61.

Katz, R. (2005). Coaching for Life. Tel-Aviv: Opus (Translated from the Hebrew).

Kaufhold, J.A. and Johnson, L.R. (2005). The analysis of the emotional intelligence skills and potential problem areas of elementary educators. Education, 125 (4), 615-626.

Kyriacou, C. (1998). Essential Teaching Skills (2nd Ed.). Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

Lasky, S. (2005). A sociocultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 899-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.06.003

Lennick, D. (2007). Emotional competence development and the bottom line: Lessons from American Express financial advisors. In R. Bar-On, J. G. Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (199-210). Westport, CT: Praeger.

McCown, K., Jensen, A.L. & Freedman J. (2007). The Self-Science approach to social-emotional learning. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (109-122). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Maree, J.G. & Mokhuane, Q.E. (2007). First steps in developing a community-based teacher training program designed to educate children to be emotionally intelligent. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent (139-154). Westport, CT: Praeger.

McKee, A., Johnston, F., Mwelwa, E. & Rotondo, S. (2009). Resonant leadership for results: An emotional and social intelligence program for change in South Africa and Cambodia. In M. Hughes, H.L. Thompson and J.B. Terrell (eds.). Handbook for Developing Emotional and Social Intelligence: Best Practices, Case Studies, and Strategies. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, pp. 49-72

McKinsey Report on Education. (2007). How the Worlds’ Best Performing Schools Came Out on Top. Retrieved from

http://www.mckinsey.com/App_Media/Reports/SSO/Worlds_School_Systems_Final.pdf

Muijs, D. (2006). Measuring teacher effectiveness: Some methodological reflections.

Educational Research and Evaluation: An International Journal on Theory and Practice, 12 (1), 53-74.

Myint, A. A. & Aung, A. A. (2016). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance of Myanmar school teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 1(1), 1-16.

Neale, S., Spencer-Arnell, L. & Wilson, L. (2009). Emotional Intelligence Coaching: Improving Performance for Leaders, Coaches and the Individual. London: Kogan Page.

Nias, J. (1996). Thinking about feeling: The emotion in teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26 (3), 293-306.

Orme, G. & Cannon, K. (2000). Everything you wanted to know about implementing an emotional intelligence programme: 1 – Getting started. Competency and Emotional Intelligence Quarterly, 8(1), 19-24.

Palomera, R., Fernandez-Berrocal, P. & Brackett, M.A. (2008). Emotional intelligence as a basic competency in pre-service teacher training: Some evidence. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15( 6), 437- 454. http://repositorio.ual.es/bitstream/handle/10835/539/Art_15_276_eng.pdf?sequence=1

Parker, J.D.A., Stone, H.E. & Wood, L.M. (2009).Emotional intelligence, leadership, and the school administrator. In M. Hughes, H.L. Thompson & J.B. Terrel (eds.), Handbook for Developing Emotional and Social Intelligence: Best Practices, Case Studies, and Strategies (379-398). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

Perry, C. & Ball, I. (2007). Dealing constructively with negatively evaluated emotional situations: The key to understanding the different reactions of teachers with high and low levels of emotional intelligence. Social Psychology of Education, 10 (4), 443-454. DOI 10.1007/s11218-007-9025-z

Peterson, D.B. (1996). Executive coaching at work: The art of one-on-one change. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 48(2), 78-86.

Richardson, V. (1998). How teachers change: What will lead to change that most benefits student learning? National Centre for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy (NCSALL), 2(c). Retrieved from http://ncsall.net/index.html@id=395.html

Rivers, S.E. & Brackett, M.A. (2011). Achieving standards in the English language arts (and more) using the Ruler Approach to social emotional learning. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 27, 75-100. DOI: 10.1080/10573569.2011.532715

Robertson, J.M. (2004). Coaching leaders: The path to improvement. Presented at the

Biennial Conference of the New Zealand Educational Administration and Leadership

Society, 7-10. January, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Integration, Cognition and

Personality, 9 (3), 185-211.

Slaski, M. & Cartwright, S. (2003). Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress, health and performance. Stress and Health, 19 (4), 233-239.

Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Stronge, J.H. (2007). Qualities of Effective Teachers (2nd Ed.). Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Stronge, J.H., Tucker, P.D. & Hindman, J.L. (2004). Handbook for Qualities of Effective Teachers. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Sutton, R.E. & Wheatley, K.F. (2003). Teachers’ emotions and teaching: A review of the literature and directions for future research. Educational Psychology Review, 15 (4), 327-358.

Training & Development Agency for Schools (TDA), (2008). Continuing Professional Development Guidance (CPD). London, TDA.

Ulloa, M., Evans, I. M., & Jones, L. C. (2016). The effects of emotional awareness training on teachers’ ability to manage the emotions of preschool children: An experimental study. Escritos de psicología, 9(1), 1-14.†DOI: 10.5231/psy.writ.2015.1711

van Uden, J. M., Ritzen, H., & Pieters, J. M. (2013). I think I can engage my students. Teachers' perceptions of student engagement and their beliefs about being a teacher. Teaching and Teacher Education, 32, 43-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2013.08.005

Waajid, B., Garner, P. W. & Owen, J.E. (2013). Infusing Social Emotional Learning into the Teacher Education Curriculum. The international Journal of emotional Education. 5 (2), 31-48.

Weare, K. & Gray, G. (2003). What Works in Developing Children’s Emotional and Social Competence and Well-Being? Department for Education and Skills, Research Report No. 456, Notingham: DfES.

Weber, R.P. (1990). Basic Content Analysis (2nd Ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

White, D. (2006). Coaching Leaders: Guiding People Who Guide Others. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass

Zins, J.E., Elias, M.J. & Greenberg, M.T. (2007). School practices to build social-emotional competence as the foundation of academic and life success. In R. Bar-On, J.G. Maree & M.J. Elias (eds.), Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent, pp.79-94. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Zins, J.E., Weissberg, R.P., Wang, M.C. & Walberg, H.J. (2004). Building Academic Success on Social and Emotional Learning: What Does the Research Say? New York, NY: Teachers College Press.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 1694-2116

p-ISSN: 1694-2493